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HMS Victorious (1895)
HMS ''Victorious'' was one of nine pre-dreadnought battleships of the British Royal Navy. She was armed with a main battery of four guns in two twin turrets, and was capable of a top speed of . She served primarily on home waters, and participated in the Fleet Review for the Diamond Jubilee for Queen Victoria in 1897. She served briefly in the Mediterranean in 1898 before being transferred to the China Station later that year; ''Victorious'' remained in East Asian waters until 1900, when she returned to the Mediterranean.
After returning to the United Kingdom in 1904, ''Victorious'' served as the second flagship of the Channel Fleet. She remained in active service with the fleet in various units until 1908, when she was modernized and then placed in reserve. At the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914 she was mobilized with three of her sister ships into the 9th Battle Squadron, though by January 1915 she was again withdrawn from front-line service. In September her main guns were removed to arm a pair of monitors. ''Victorious'' was subsequently used as a repair ship. After the end of the war she was renamed ''Indus II''; plans to use her as a harbor ship were cancelled and, in April 1923, she was sold for scrap.
== Design ==
(詳細はlaid down at the Chatham Dockyard on 28 May 1894, launched on 19 October 1895—after which fitting-out work commenced. She was commissioned into the Royal Navy about a year later, on 4 November 1896. The ship was long overall and had a beam of and a draft of . She displaced up to at full combat load. Her propulsion system consisted of two 3-cylinder triple expansion engines powered by eight coal-fired cylindrical boilers. By 1907–1908 she was re-boilered with oil-fired models. Her engines provided a top speed of at . The ''Majestic''s were considered good seaboats with an easy roll and good steamers, although they suffered from high fuel consumption. She had a crew of 672 officers and enlisted men.
The ship was armed with four BL 12-inch Mk VIII guns in twin turrets, one forward and one aft. The turrets were placed on pear-shaped barbettes; six of her sisters had the same arrangement, but her sisters and and all future British battleship classes had circular barbettes. ''Victorious'' also carried twelve QF 6-inch /40 guns. They were mounted in casemates in two gun decks amidships. She also carried sixteen QF 12-pounder guns and twelve QF 2-pounder guns. She was also equipped with five torpedo tubes, four of which were submerged in the ship's hull, with the last in a deck-mounted launcher. ''Victorious'' and the other ships of her class had 9 inches (229 mm) of Harvey armour, which allowed equal protection with less cost in weight compared to previous types of armour. This allowed ''Victorious'' and her sisters to have a deeper and lighter belt than previous battleships without any loss in protection. The barbettes for the main battery were protected with of armor, while the conning tower had the same thickness of steel on the sides. The ship's armored deck was thick.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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